Pharmacology
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
Spironolactone acts on the distal tubule to promote sodium and water excretion while retaining potassium ions.
Clinical Monitoring
- Monitor serum potassium levels; report levels above 5.0 mEq/L immediately.
- Assess for signs of hyperkalemia: muscle weakness, palpitations, or cardiac dysrhythmias.
- Observe intake and output to evaluate therapeutic efficacy.
- Avoid use of salt substitutes, which are often high in potassium.
Nursing Considerations
- Administer in the morning to prevent nocturia.
- Monitor blood pressure to avoid profound hypotension.
- Assess for endocrine side effects like gynecomastia in male patients.
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