Pathophysiology
COPD Exacerbation
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease involves airflow obstruction that is not fully reversible, typically caused by chronic bronchitis or emphysema.
Assessment Findings
- Barrel chest due to air trapping
- Chronic productive cough and dyspnea
- Hypoxemia with compensatory hypercapnia
- Use of accessory muscles for breathing
Nursing Considerations
- Administer low-flow oxygen (1-2L via nasal cannula)
- Perform pursed-lip breathing techniques
- Encourage small, frequent high-calorie meals
- Ensure pneumococcal and flu vaccinations
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