Pathophysiology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
DKA is a life-threatening complication of Type 1 Diabetes characterized by hyperglycemia, ketosis, and metabolic acidosis.
Signs and Symptoms
- Kussmaul respirations (deep, rapid breathing)
- Fruity breath odor from ketones
- Serum glucose >250 mg/dL
- Serum pH <7.30 and low bicarbonate
Emergency Care
- Initiate rapid IV isotonic fluid resuscitation
- Begin continuous IV regular insulin drip
- Monitor potassium levels closely as insulin lowers K+
- Ensure cardiac monitoring for dysrhythmias
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