Anatomy & Physiology
Fluid Compartment Dynamics
Body fluids are distributed between intracellular and extracellular spaces, maintained by osmotic and hydrostatic pressures.
Compartments
- Intracellular Fluid (ICF): Comprises two-thirds of total body water.
- Extracellular Fluid (ECF): Includes interstitial fluid, plasma, and transcellular fluids.
- Third Spacing: Fluid shifts into non-functional spaces (e.g., ascites or edema), causing hypovolemia despite total body fluid excess.
Nursing Priorities
- Monitor daily weights as the most accurate indicator of fluid gain or loss.
- Assess for electrolyte imbalances resulting from fluid shifts.
- Maintain accurate intake and output records.
- Monitor serum albumin levels, as low albumin leads to decreased oncotic pressure and edema.
Tonicity
- Isotonic solutions (e.g., 0.9% NS) expand intravascular volume without shifting fluids.
- Hypotonic solutions (e.g., 0.45% NaCl) shift fluid into cells.
- Hypertonic solutions (e.g., 3% NaCl) pull fluid from cells into the intravascular space.
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