Anatomy & Physiology
Respiratory Acid-Base Balance
The body maintains pH balance through the respiratory system's regulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) levels via alveolar ventilation.
Respiratory Acidosis
- Caused by hypoventilation leading to CO2 retention (hypercapnia).
- Common triggers include COPD, respiratory depression, or airway obstruction.
- Serum pH < 7.35 with PaCO2 > 45 mmHg.
- Monitor for confusion, lethargy, and shallow, ineffective breathing.
Respiratory Alkalosis
- Caused by hyperventilation leading to excessive CO2 elimination (hypocapnia).
- Common triggers include anxiety, pain, or high altitude.
- Serum pH > 7.45 with PaCO2 < 35 mmHg.
- Monitor for circumoral paresthesia, carpopedal spasms, and lightheadedness.
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