Medical Surgical Nursing II
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed
Bleeding originating from the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum, often caused by peptic ulcers or esophageal varices.
Assessment
- Hematemesis (bright red or coffee-ground)
- Melena (black, tarry stools)
- Signs of hypovolemic shock (tachycardia, hypotension)
- Decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit levels
Emergency Nursing
- Establish two large-bore IV lines for fluid resuscitation
- Prepare for endoscopic intervention or gastric lavage
- Monitor vital signs every 15 minutes
- Type and cross-match for potential blood transfusion
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