Scenarios (All Topics)
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
A medical emergency characterized by elevated pressure within the cranium, threatening cerebral perfusion.
Clinical Signs
- Change in level of consciousness (LOC)
- Cushing’s Triad: bradycardia, hypertension, irregular respirations
- Projectile vomiting without nausea
- Pupillary changes (fixed/dilated)
Positioning
- Elevate head of bed to 30 degrees
- Keep neck in neutral alignment
- Avoid hip flexion to prevent increased intra-abdominal pressure
Nursing Care
- Administer osmotic diuretics (e.g., Mannitol)
- Maintain quiet, dark environment to limit stimulation
- Limit suctioning to prevent spike in ICP
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