Psychiatric Nursing
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
Alcohol withdrawal occurs when an individual with alcohol dependence suddenly stops or reduces intake.
Signs and Symptoms
- Early: Anxiety, tremor, nausea, insomnia, headache.
- Autonomic hyperactivity: Tachycardia, hypertension, diaphoresis.
- Severe: Delirium tremens (hallucinations, seizures, confusion).
- Timeline: Starts 6–12 hours after last drink; peak at 24–48 hours.
Nursing Management
- Administer benzodiazepines (e.g., chlordiazepoxide) as prescribed.
- Monitor CIWA-Ar scale frequently.
- Ensure adequate hydration and thiamine replacement.
- Provide quiet environment and seizure precautions.
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