Fundamentals of Nursing
Vital Signs Assessment
Vital signs provide baseline data regarding the physiological stability of the patient.
Normal Ranges (Adult)
- Temperature: 36.5°C to 37.5°C (97.7°F to 99.5°F).
- Heart Rate: 60 to 100 beats per minute.
- Respiratory Rate: 12 to 20 breaths per minute.
- Blood Pressure: <120/80 mmHg.
Clinical Considerations
- Hypotension is often a sign of shock or hemorrhage.
- Tachycardia may indicate pain, fever, or volume depletion.
- Tachypnea is often the earliest sign of clinical deterioration.
- Ensure cuff size is appropriate for accurate BP readings.
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