Introduction to General Chemistry
Biomolecules: Proteins
Proteins are complex polymers made of amino acids, functioning as enzymes, receptors, and transporters.
Structure
- Primary: Sequence of amino acids.
- Secondary/Tertiary: Folding patterns critical to function.
- Quaternary: Multiple polypeptide chains (e.g., hemoglobin).
Functions
- Enzymes: Catalyze biochemical reactions.
- Transport: Hemoglobin carries oxygen.
- Defense: Antibodies are specialized proteins.
Clinical Significance
- Proteinuria: Indicator of kidney damage.
- Malnutrition: Impact on protein synthesis and immune function.
Biomolecules: Lipids
- Essential for cell membranes, energy storage, and signaling.
- Hydrophobic nature requires transport proteins in blood.
- Steroid Hormones: Derived from cholesterol, vital for systemic regulation.
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