Introduction to General Chemistry
Acids, Bases, and pH
The body tightly regulates blood pH to ensure optimal function of enzymes and physiological systems.
pH Scale
- Acidic: pH < 7.35, high concentration of H+ ions.
- Neutral: pH 7.4 (physiological norm).
- Basic/Alkaline: pH > 7.45, low concentration of H+ ions.
Buffering Systems
- Bicarbonate Buffer: Primary extracellular buffer system.
- Respiratory Compensation: CO2 removal to adjust pH.
- Renal Compensation: Excretion or reabsorption of H+ and bicarbonate.
Clinical Significance
- ABG Analysis: Monitoring pH, PaCO2, and HCO3 to identify acid-base imbalances.
- Metabolic Acidosis: Frequent in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis.
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