Emergency Responses and Disaster Preparedness
Biological Terrorism: Anthrax
Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis and can be transmitted via skin, ingestion, or inhalation.
Clinical Presentation
- Inhalational: Flu-like symptoms initially, progressing to severe respiratory distress and mediastinal widening on CXR.
- Cutaneous: Painless papule that develops into a black eschar (necrotic ulcer).
- GI: Severe abdominal pain, hematemesis, and diarrhea.
Nursing Care
- Inhalational anthrax is NOT contagious; standard precautions are sufficient.
- Administer antibiotics (typically ciprofloxacin or doxycycline) as ordered.
- Supportive care for respiratory failure if present.
- Vaccination is available for high-risk populations only.
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